棉花离体不定根系的发生对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响

为探明根系对色素腺体密度和棉酚含量的影响，以离体条件下的无根幼苗、不同生根状态幼苗以及无菌种子苗作为研究对象，对其茎叶色素腺体密度、棉酚含量以及棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量进行分析。结果表明，不同生根状态幼苗中，色素腺体密度和棉酚含量与一定范围内生根数呈显著正相关，随后趋于平稳。荧光定量PCR显示，棉酚生物合成关键基因GhCDN1和GhWRKY1表达量在生根数多的无菌苗中显著增高，而对棉酚合成具有反馈调节作用的 GhCYP706B1表达量呈现相反趋势；无根幼苗茎叶腺体密度和棉酚含量均显著低于有根幼苗，棉酚生物合成关键基因GhCDN1、GhWRKY1和 GhCYP706B1表达量反而高于有根幼苗。有根幼苗中根的棉酚含量显著高于茎和叶，无菌种子苗根系中棉酚生物合成关键基因表达量显著高于茎和叶。说明棉花根系能对棉酚含量产生直接影响，同时影响腺体密度。本研究进一步验证了根系是棉酚主要合成部位，地上部分也存在少量的棉酚合成，只是不能引起棉酚发生显著变化。     

Histology and histochemistry of the major salivary glands in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor)

This study aimed to investigate the major salivary glands in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) histologically and histochemically. Five adult males were included in this study. The results showed that anatomically the shape of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands of the Erinaceus concolor was respectively almost pear, elliptical to pyramidal and oval. Histologically, the parotid gland had serous acini and secretory cells showed negative reaction to alcian blue (AB) (pH = 2.5) and negative response to aldehyde fuchsin (AF), methylene blue (MB) and PAS stains. The submandibular gland was a mixed gland of mucous and serous acini. The mucous acini were strongly positive for PAS, AB, MB and AF. However, serous acini were week for PAS and negative against AB, MB and AF stains. The sublingual gland was purely composed of mucous acini. The mucous acini of the sublingual gland were strongly positives for PAS, AB and MB methods. While their reaction to the AF staining was negative. In conclusion, the histological and histochemical observations of the major salivary glands of the southern white-breasted hedgehog (E. concolor) indicated that these glands shown similarities and some special different histochemical features as compared to other mammalian species.     

Risk factors influencing death prior to discharge in 302 dogs undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy for treatment of primary adrenal gland tumours

Adrenalectomies for canine adrenal tumours are associated with peri-operative morbidity and mortality. Objectives of this study included assessing the prognostic value of tumour- or surgery-related variables in predicting peri-operative mortality and overall survival in dogs undergoing adrenalectomies for primary adrenal tumours as well as pre-treatment with phenoxybenzamine on survival to discharge with pheochromocytomas specifically. A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was performed across nine institutions. Electronic medical record searches identified 302 dogs which met the inclusion criteria. Data collected included dog-related, tumour-related, treatment-related, surgery-related, and outcome variables. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression and cox proportional hazards models were used to identify variables associated with death prior to discharge and tumour-related survival. Overall, 87% of dogs survived to discharge with a tumour-related survival time of 3.96 years. Post-operative complications were reported in 25%. Increased surgical time (p = 0.002) and pre-surgical medical treatment other than phenoxybenzamine (p = 0.024) were significantly associated with increased peri-operative mortality while ureteronephrectomy (p = 0.021), post-operative pancreatitis (p = 0.025), and post-operative aspiration pneumonia (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with decreased overall survival. Phenoxybenzamine pretreatment had no effect on peri-operative mortality. Thirty-seven of 45 (82%) dogs with pheochromocytomas not pretreated survived to discharge, and 50 of 59 (85%) dogs with pheochromocytomas pretreated with phenoxybenzamine survived to discharge (p = 0.730). This study provides information on risk factors for death prior to discharge and tumour-related survival that may help guide clinical management and owner expectations. In addition, the study findings challenge the previously reported benefit of phenoxybenzamine for pretreatment of dogs undergoing adrenalectomies for pheochromocytomas.     

Bauhinia candicans stimulation of glucose uptake in isolated gastric glands of normal and diabetic rabbits

A butanol extract of dried leaves of Bahuinia candicans showed, in vitro, a stimulatory effect of glucose uptake in isolated gastric glands of normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. The extract (0.001-0.07 mg/mg protein) produced a dose-dependent effect and was similar to the effect of insulin (1-100 nM). These findings suggest that the extract contains compound(s) that efficiently increase glucose transport at the basolateral side of isolated gastric glands.     

大白菜干烧心病发生和防治的研究

大白菜干烧心病是缺钙性生理病害,自1970年以来在我国北方大白菜产区危害日趋严重.此项研究的重点是从“心叶补钙”入手探索经济有效的防治方法.从结球始期应用0.7%有水氯化钙附加50ppm萘乙酸进行“心叶补钙”.经8年连续试验,防治效果可达80%以上.采用常规分析和~(45)Ca示踪试验的方法,证实了萘乙酸对钙素的吸收和运转有明显的促进作用,为改进大白菜干烧心病的防治方法提供了理论依据.     

Existence of salt glands on leaves of kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca L. Kunth.)

Light microscopic studies have established the existence of salt glands on “Kallar grass”; leaf blades. The salt glands resembled the two‐cell type structure described for some halophytic genera within the Gramineae. The secreted salts crystallized and formed whiskers when the plants were grown under continuously high saline conditions. The salt secretion appears to be selective. The secretion of Na exceeded that of K and considerable quantities of Cl were also extruded, preferentially in concomitance with Na. The significance of growth hormones and Ca in regulating the salt secretion process is discussed.     

冷适应对大鼠仔鼠和雏鸡某些内分泌腺和激素水平的影响

以20只健康Wistar大鼠仔鼠和30只罗曼雏鸡为试验对象，研究冷适应对大鼠仔鼠和雏鸡某些内分泌腺和激素水平的影响。冷适应组大鼠肾上腺皮质束状带宽度和肾上腺皮质束状带的细胞数目极显著和显著（P＜0、05）地高于常温对照组，60日龄仔鼠在冷暴露72小时后，冷适应组T3和皮质醇明显升高，T3比常温组提高19．％，皮质醇比常温组提高37．17％而GH、T4及Ins变化不明显。冷适应组雏鸡肾上腺肾间组织面积和肾间组织细胞数分别比常温组提高26．05％和3．25％，垂体嗜酸性细胞和嗜碱性细胞数目分别比常温组提高12．98％和8．59％。雏鸡在35日龄试验结束时，冷适应组T3，T4和胰岛素分别较常温组抵63．85％、44．22％31．85（P＜0．05），而皮质醇比常温组提高90．37％。     

栉孔扇贝消化盲囊亚细胞组分分离与鉴定技术

采用匀浆、差速离心、镜检和标志酶测定等方法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)消化盲囊亚细胞组分分离与鉴定技术。结果显示,经Hoechst33258染色,在匀浆2min对照组中,观察到大量栉孔扇贝消化盲囊完整细胞,呈圆形或椭圆形,细胞膜完整,荧光强度较高;在匀浆3、4、5 min实验组中,完整细胞数目逐渐减少,且出现许多形态较小、荧光强度弱、轮廓模糊的细胞碎片。通过血球计数板法得到的细胞破碎结果与上述染色结果一致,随着匀浆时间(2~5 min)的增加,细胞破碎率升高,当匀浆时间达到5 min时,细胞破碎率升至94.24%。利用Hoechst 33258染色栉孔扇贝消化盲囊亚细胞分离组分(S2、C2、C4、S5和C5),镜检发现,C2组分荧光强度最强,荧光颗粒数目多,而其他组分荧光强度弱,且基本观察不到荧光颗粒。由此推测,细胞核主要存在于C2组分中;同时,细胞膜(5’-核苷酸酶)、线粒体(琥珀酸脱氢酶)、细胞质(乳酸脱氢酶)和微粒体(葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶)标志酶活力在其他亚细胞组分中有少量检出,但它们在S2、C4、S5和C5组分中的的标志酶活性比例较高(分别为63.90%、64.89%、77.82%和67.55%)。由此推测,S2、C2、C4、S5和C5分离组分分别为细胞膜、细胞核、细胞质、线粒体和微粒体。本研究成功构建了栉孔扇贝消化盲囊亚细胞组分分离与鉴定技术方法,为贝类生理机制研究提供技术支持。     

新西兰白兔胃底腺等器官生后发育及超微结构变化的研究

通过组织学及电镜技术对新西兰白兔胃底腺、小肠绒毛及肠腺的发育进行了，结果表明：新西兰白兔胃底腺、肠腺和肠绒毛的生长表现出明显的阶段性，胃底腺高度生长的最快阶段约在初生至１周龄及２－６周龄，小肠绒毛高度、宽度及表面生长的最快阶段约在初生至１周龄及３－６周龄，肠腺高度生长的最快阶段与小肠绒毛的高度生长基本。